Membrane application in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reactors—Overview of concepts

Different applications of membranes have been proposed for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in recent literature. Across membranes, reactants can be fed along the reactor axis or the inhibiting by-product H2O can be selectively removed. Here, the concept of enhanced conversion of CO2 containing synthesis gases to long-chain hydrocarbons by in situ H2O removal is introduced. Experimental results of in situ H2O removal under reactive conditions with an Fe-based catalyst show positive effects on conversion and yield. Additionally, catalytic membranes can be used as a defined reaction zone. In so-called plug-flow contactor membranes, high specific production rates can be achieved. Finally, a catalyst encapsulated by a zeolite membrane layer is presented as a possibility to modify product distribution.