Droplet freezing in clouds induced by mineral dust particles: Sensitivities of precipitation and radiation

We aim to enhance our understanding of cloud microphysical processes under conditions of varying droplet freezing efficiencies in numerical simulations of Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus and isolated deep convective clouds. A novel framework of immersion freezing is implemented in the model, considering the collisions of droplets and subsequent particle accumulation in rain-sized drops. The sensitivity of clouds is investigated in a wide range of atmospherically-relevant dust concentrations.