Multi-tracer approach to characterize hydraulically induced sulfate rock dissolution processes below a weir lock

Numerous damages at structures and failures of dams can be ascribed to solution processes and attendant subsidence. Leaching in gypsum-bearing layers of the Middle Triassic has induced subsidence underneath the structure of the weir Hessigheim, River Neckar. The goals of this study were to gain a better understanding of the prevailing groundwater flow processes as well as the interaction between surface water and groundwater in the area of the weir lock and to verify the success of former remediation measures. In order to attain these objectives a combined groundwater and surface water tracer test in combination with hydraulic borehole tests were performed. In addition, a study of the dissolved sulfate distribution was carried out using sampling data from 1987 to 2013. Based on the results of these methods a strongly heterogeneous aquifer with main runoff occurring in few major flow paths could be characterized. Former remediation measures showed to be successful.