Progress in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method to simulate and post-process spray generation

This paper illustrates recent progresses in the development of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method to simulate and post-process liquid spray generation. The simulation of a generic annular airblast atomizer is presented, in which a liquid sheet is fragmented by two concentric counter swirling air streams. The accent is put on how the SPH method can bridge the gap between the CAD geometry of a nozzle and its characterization, in terms of spray characteristics and dynamics. In addition, the Lagrangian nature of the SPH method allows to extract additional data to give further insight in the spraying process. First, the sequential breakup events can be tracked from one large liquid blob to very fine stable droplets. This is herein called the tree of fragmentation. From this tree of fragmentation, abstract quantities can be drawn such as the breakup activity and the fragmentation spectrum. Second, the Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the turbulent flow can be determined easily with the Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE). The extraction of the FTLE is particularly feasible in the SPH framework. FTLE are used here to reveal the tight coupling between ligament breakup and the aerodynamics. ... mehrIt is confirmed in this configuration that the Weber number is superior to describe the spray compared to other non dimensional groups.