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RNA polymerase II clusters form in line with surface condensation on regulatory chromatin

Pancholi, A. 1,2; Klingberg, T.; Zhang, W. 3,4; Prizak, R. 1; Mamontova, I. 1; Noa, A. 1; Sobucki, M. 1; Kobitski, A. Y. 3; Nienhaus, G. U. ORCID iD icon 1,3,4; Zaburdaev, V.; Hilbert, L. ORCID iD icon 1,2
1 Institut für Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
2 Zoologisches Institut (ZOO), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
3 Institut für Angewandte Physik (APH), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
4 Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)

Abstract:

It is essential for cells to control which genes are transcribed into RNA. In eukaryotes, two major control points are recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) into a paused state, and subsequent pause release toward transcription. Pol II recruitment and pause release occur in association with macromolecular clusters, which were proposed to be formed by a liquid–liquid phase separation mechanism. How such a phase separation mechanism relates to the interaction of Pol II with DNA during recruitment and transcription, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we use live and super-resolution microscopy in zebrafish embryos to reveal Pol II clusters with a large variety of shapes, which can be explained by a theoretical model in which regulatory chromatin regions provide surfaces for liquid-phase condensation at concentrations that are too low for canonical liquid–liquid phase separation. Model simulations and chemical perturbation experiments indicate that recruited Pol II contributes to the formation of these surface-associated condensates, whereas elongating Pol II is excluded from these condensates and thereby drives their unfolding.


Verlagsausgabe §
DOI: 10.5445/IR/1000138670
Veröffentlicht am 06.10.2021
Originalveröffentlichung
DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110272
Scopus
Zitationen: 31
Web of Science
Zitationen: 25
Dimensions
Zitationen: 47
Cover der Publikation
Zugehörige Institution(en) am KIT Institut für Angewandte Physik (APH)
Institut für Biologische und Chemische Systeme (IBCS)
Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT)
Universität Karlsruhe (TH) – Interfakultative Einrichtungen (Interfakultative Einrichtungen)
Karlsruhe School of Optics & Photonics (KSOP)
Publikationstyp Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Publikationsjahr 2021
Sprache Englisch
Identifikator ISSN: 1744-4292
KITopen-ID: 1000138670
HGF-Programm 43.32.02 (POF IV, LK 01) Designed Optical Materials
Weitere HGF-Programme 47.14.02 (POF IV, LK 01) Information Storage and Processing in the Cell Nucleus
Erschienen in Molecular Systems Biology
Verlag EMBO Press
Band 17
Heft 9
Seiten Art.Nr. e10272
Bemerkung zur Veröffentlichung Gefördert durch den KIT-Publikationsfonds
Vorab online veröffentlicht am 27.09.2021
Nachgewiesen in Web of Science
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Scopus
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