A Joint Soil-Vegetation-Atmospheric Modeling Procedure of Water Isotopologues: Implementation and Application to Different Climate Zones With WRF-Hydro-Iso

Water isotopologues, as natural tracers of the hydrological cycle on Earth, provide a unique way to assess the skill of climate models in representing realistic atmospheric-terrestrial water pathways. This study presents the newly developed WRF-Hydro-iso, which is a version of the coupled atmospheric-hydrological WRF-Hydro model enhanced with a joint soil-vegetation-atmospheric description of water isotopologue motions. It allows the consideration of isotopic fractionation processes during water phase changes in the atmosphere, the land surface, and the subsurface. For validation, WRF-Hydro-iso is applied to two different climate zones, namely Europe and Southern Africa under the present climate conditions. Each case is modeled with a domain employing a 5 km grid-spacing coupled with a terrestrial subgrid employing a 500 m grid-spacing in order to represent lateral terrestrial water flow. A 10-year slice is simulated for 2003–2012, using ERA5 reanalyses as driving data. The boundary condition of isotopic variables is prescribed with mean values from a 10-year simulation with the Community Earth System Model Version 1. WRF-Hydro-iso realistically reproduces the climatological variations of the isotopic concentrations σ$_{P}$$^{18}$O and σ$_{P}$$^{2}$H from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation. ... mehrIn a sensitivity analysis, it is found that land surface evaporation fractionation increases the isotopic concentrations in the rootzone soil moisture and slightly decreases the isotopic concentrations in precipitation. Lateral terrestrial water flow minorly affects these isotopic concentrations through changes in evaporation-transpiration partitioning.