Measurement of the charge asymmetry of electrons from the decays of W bosons produced in $\overline{pp}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ =1.96 TeV

At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton ($\overline{pp}$) collider, high-mass electron-neutrino (eν) pairs are produced predominantly in the process $\overline{pp}$→W(→eν)+X. The asymmetry of the electron and positron yield as a function of their pseudorapidity constrain the slope of the ratio of the u- to d-quark parton distributions versus the fraction of the proton momentum carried by the quarks. This paper reports on the measurement of the electron-charge asymmetry using the full data set recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab in 2001–2011 and corresponding to 9.1 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. The measurement significantly improves the precision of the Tevatron constraints on the parton-distribution functions of the proton. Numerical tables of the measurement are provided.