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Influence of Longitudinal and Lateral Forces on the Emission of Tire–Road Particulate Matter and Its Size Distribution

Schläfle, Stefan ORCID iD icon 1; Unrau, Hans-Joachim ORCID iD icon 1; Gauterin, Frank ORCID iD icon 1
1 Institut für Fahrzeugsystemtechnik (FAST), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)

Abstract (englisch):

The objective of this study was to experimentally determine the mathematical correlations between the loading of the tire, being longitudinal and lateral forces, and the emission of particulate matter (PM) from the tire–road contact. Existing emission factors (EF, emission per vehicle and distance traveled) are the result of long-term measurements, which means that no conclusion can be drawn about the exact driving condition. To determine meaningful emission factors, extensive driving tests were conducted on an internal drum test bench while measuring PM emissions from the tire–road contact in real-time. This showed that the increases in emission over longitudinal and lateral forces can be approximated with fourth-order functions, with lateral forces leading to significantly higher emissions than longitudinal forces for the summer tire investigated. Using the emission functions obtained, a three-dimensional map was created that assigns an EF to each load condition consisting of different longitudinal and lateral forces for one vertical load. With known driving data, the map can be used for future simulation models to predict the total emission of real driving cycles. ... mehr


Verlagsausgabe §
DOI: 10.5445/IR/1000165223
Veröffentlicht am 04.12.2023
Originalveröffentlichung
DOI: 10.3390/atmos14121780
Scopus
Zitationen: 4
Web of Science
Zitationen: 4
Dimensions
Zitationen: 6
Cover der Publikation
Zugehörige Institution(en) am KIT Institut für Fahrzeugsystemtechnik (FAST)
Publikationstyp Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Publikationsjahr 2023
Sprache Englisch
Identifikator ISSN: 2073-4433
KITopen-ID: 1000165223
Erschienen in Atmosphere
Verlag MDPI
Band 14
Seiten 1780
Bemerkung zur Veröffentlichung Gefördert durch den KIT-Publikationsfonds
Vorab online veröffentlicht am 01.12.2023
Schlagwörter PM10; particulate matter; tire wear; TRWP; non-exhaust emissions; road simulator; internal drum test bench; emission factor; particle composition
Nachgewiesen in Dimensions
Web of Science
Scopus
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