Effect of transverse compressive stress applied at room temperature on Nb${}_3$Sn Rutherford cables

The accelerator magnets for the high luminosity upgrade of the large Hadron collider use Nb${}_3$Sn conductor to achieve the required in-field performance. To sustain the Lorentz forces during operation, a pre-compression is applied to the coils during the fabrication of the magnet. This can lead to an irreversible degradation of the Nb${}_3$Sn conductor due to its mechanical sensitivity. In this study, the impact of the pre-compression applied to the conductor at room temperature is investigated using a reacted double-stack specimen made of two Nb${}_3$Sn Rutherford cables. The cables have a keystone angle and are stack with a non-inverted configuration, without compensating the angle. The rectangular specimen is submitted to increasing transverse compressive stresses at room temperature applied perpendicularly to its width. The non-inverted configuration and the rectangular shape of the total specimen can thus lead to stress concentration. The pressure applied covers the range from 130 MPa to 190 MPa with a 10 MPa step increase. After each cumulated stress level, transport current measurements are performed in liquid helium and in background fields of up to 9.6 T in the FReSCa test station at CERN Metallographic analyses of several samples are made at selected stress levels. ... mehrMonotonic and cumulated stresses are applied and the impact of mechanical cycling is analyzed. Procedures are specifically developed to minimize surface damage during samples' preparation. The observations are compared with the electrical measurements in order to correlate the irreversible effect of the transverse pressure with the A15 damage state in the cross section. The transport current measurements of the double-stack specimen show degradation of critical current and n-value starting at respectively 170 MPa and 160 MPa cumulated loadings. However, cracks in the A15 phase are already observed in a metallographic sample subjected to 140 MPa.