DNS of Turbulent Impinging JETS on rough surfaces using a parametric forcing Approach

This work presents direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a circular turbulent jet impinging on rough plates. A parametric forcing approach (PFA) accounts for surface roughness effects by applying a forcing term into the Navier-Stokes equations within a thin layer in the near-wall region. The application of the PFA in the context of spatially developing flows is the essential aspect of the investigation. The method is known to produce accurate predictions of the velocity field in fully developed turbulent flows while avoiding the demanding grid resolution required by an immersed boundary method (IBM) approach. The comparison between PFA results and IBM-resolved roughness DNS allows addressing the advantages and limitations of the PFA in the context of spatially developing flows.