Quantifying CH$_4$ emissions from coal mine aggregation areas in Shanxi, China, using TROPOMI observations and the wind-assigned anomaly method

China stands out as a major contributor to anthropogenic methane (CH$_4$) emissions, with coal mine methane (CMM) playing a crucial role. To control and reduce CH$_4$ emissions, China has made a dedicated commitment and formulated an ambitious mitigation plan. To verify the progress made, the consistent acquisition of independent CH$_4$ emission data is required. This paper aims to implement a wind-assigned anomaly method for the precise determination of regional-scale CMM emissions within the coal-rich Shanxi province. We use the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) CH4 observations from May 2018 to May 2023, coupled with ERA5 wind and a bottom-up inventory dataset based on the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Tier 2 approach covering the Changzhi, Jincheng, and Yangquan regions of the Shanxi province. The derived emission strengths are 8.4 × 10$^{26}$ molec. s$^{−1}$ (0.706 Tg yr$^{−1}$, ±25 %), 1.4 × 10$^{27}$ molec. s$^{−1}$ (1.176 Tg yr$^{−1}$, ±20 %), and 4.9 × 10$^{26}$ molec. s$^{−1}$ (0.412 Tg yr$^{−1}$, ±21 %), respectively. Our results exhibit biases of −18 %, 8 %, and 14 %, respectively, when compared to the IPCC Tier 2 bottom-up inventory. ... mehrLarger discrepancies are found when comparing the estimates to the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service global anthropogenic emissions (CAMS-GLOB-ANT) and Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGARv7.0) inventories (64 %–176 %), suggesting that the two inventories may be overestimating CH$_4$ emissions from the studied coal mining regions. Our estimates provide a comprehensive characterization of the regions within the Shanxi province, contribute to the validation of emission inventories, and provide additional insights into CMM emission mitigation.