Vapor phase deposition of perovskite photovoltaics: short track to commercialization?

While perovskite-based photovoltaics (PV) is progressing toward commercialization, it remains an open
question which fabrication technology – solution-based, vapor-based, or combinations – will pave the
way to faster economic breakthrough. The vast majority of research studies make use of solution-
processed perovskite thin films, which benefit from a rapid optimization feedback and inexpensive to
procure tools in modern research laboratories, but vapor phase deposition processes dominate today’s
established thin-film manufacturing. As research and development of vapor phase processed perovskite
thin films are still strongly underrepresented in literature, their full potential is yet to be identified. In this
collaborative perspective of academic influenced by industrial views, we convey a balanced viewpoint
on the prospects of vapor-based processing of perovskite PV at an industrial scale. Our perspective
highlights the conceptual advantages of vapor phase deposition, discusses the most crucial
process parameters in a technology assessment, contains an overview about relevant global industry
clusters, and provides an outlook on the commercialization perspectives of the perovskite technology
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in general.