Dark matter relic density in strongly interacting dark sectors with light vector mesons

Stable dark matter particles may arise as pseudo-Goldstone bosons from the confinement of dark quarks interacting via a non-Abelian gauge force. Their relic abundance is determined not by annihilations into visible particles but by dark pion number-changing processes within the dark sector, such as $3π_D→2π_D$. However, if the dark vector mesons $ρ_D$ are light enough for $3π_D→π_Dρ_D$ annihilations to be kinematically allowed, this process dominates and significantly delays freeze-out. As a result, the preferred dark matter mass scale increases and bounds from the Bullet Cluster can be evaded.