Recommendations for Implementing Independent Individual Verifiability in Internet Voting

End-to-end verifiable systems are employed to safeguard the integrity of Internet voting. Voter-initiated verification for individual verifiability require that the ballot formed on the voter’s device is audited on a second device, which is independent of a potentially manipulated voter’s device. Further trust is gained by executing the verification procedure on a second device with independent implementations, in order to defend against a dishonest primary system operator. This paper formulates recommendations to implement such independent individual verifiability tools. Our recommendations are based on the experiences made in the GI elections 2023 where such independent tools were made available to the voters – to our knowledge the first project of its kind.