Time‐Dependent Deformation in the Damage Zone of the Chelungpu Fault System and Potential Stress Relaxation

High fracture density in fault damage zones not only reduces the elastic stiffness of rocks but may also promote time-dependent bulk deformation through the sliding of fracture and thus alter the stress in fault zones. On comparing the damage zones of the three faults in the Chelungpu fault system encountered in the Taiwan Chelungpu fault Drilling Project (TCDP), the youngest damage zone showed pronounced sonic velocity reduction even though fracture density is the same for all three fault zones, consistent with the shorter time for velocity recovery in the youngest fault. Caliper log data showed a time-dependent enlargement of the borehole wall at the damage zone. These damage zones record lower differential stress than the surrounding host rock, which cannot be explained by the reduced elastic stiffness in the damage zone. Stress relaxation caused by time-dependent bulk deformation in the damage zone may be responsible for the observed low differential stress.