Academic Coverage of Online Activism of Disabled People: A Scoping Review

Disabled people need to be activists given the many problematic lived realities they face.
However, they frequently encounter obstacles in traditional offline activism. Online activism could be
a potential alternative. The objective of this scoping review is to examine the extent and nature of the
coverage of disabled people in the academic literature that focuses on online activism. We searched
the abstracts in Scopus, Web of Science, and the 70 databases in EBSCO-HOST for the presence of
57 terms linked to online activism or online tools or places for online activism, which generated
18,069 abstracts for qualitative analysis. Of the 18,069 abstracts, only 54 discussed online the activism
by disabled people. Among these 54 relevant abstracts, only one contained the term “Global South”.
No relevant abstracts were found that contained the terms “Metaverse” or “Democrac*” together with
“activis*”. Only two relevant abstracts contained the phrase “digital citizen*”. Out of the 57 terms,
28 had no hits. The thematic analysis identified 24 themes: 6 themes in 30 abstracts had a positive
sentiment, 7 themes in 30 abstracts had a negative sentiment, and 11 themes present in 23 abstracts
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had a neutral sentiment. There were three main themes: the positive role and use of online activism;
the technical accessibility barriers to online activism; and the attitudinal accessibility problems arising
from ableist judgments. The intersectionality of the disability identity with other marginalized
identities and the issue of empowerment were rarely addressed, and ability judgment-based concepts
beyond the term’s “ableism” and “ableist” were not used. The study underscores the necessity
for further research given the few relevant abstracts found. The study also indicates that actions
are needed on barriers to online activism and that examples for best practices exist that could be
applied more often. Future studies should also incorporate a broader range of ability judgment-based
concepts to enrich the analysis and to support the empowerment of disabled activists.