Laser-Induced Forward Transfer – Current Approaches and Perspectives for 4D Printing of Batteries

Direct digital manufacturing is one of the key competencies for accelerating rapid prototyping or the production of individually designed products. Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a frequently used direct digital manufacturing tool for prototyping and production. In this work, the LIFT process was used to print anodes and cathodes which match each other regarding the areal capacity. For this purpose, the transferred voxel density of the anodes was adjusted to match the areal capacity of the cathodes. Subsequently, the electrodes were assembled as a full-cell in pouch cell design. At the end of the electrochemical priming, the cells reach a charge capacity of up to 151 mAh/g, and more than 400 cycles could be achieved at a C-rate of C/2, including the C-rate analysis, before reaching the end-of-life.