Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities for Integrated Governance of Food, Energy, and Water Systems: Insights from Three Mid-Sized Cities

Governance of food, energy, and water (FEW) systems is complex and context-dependent. Existing research lacks much empirical research of FEW governance at the local level, especially in cities. This paper compares and contrasts FEW nexus governance in three mid-sized cities: Slupsk, Poland; Tulcea, Romania; and Wilmington, DE, USA. Using document review, semi-structured interviews, and citizen workshops, the comparative analysis examines the extent of collaborative and participatory governance in each case as well as the barriers and opportunities for expanding integrated nexus governance. Limited instances of collaborative and participatory governance emerged reflecting the local contexts and differing roles of non-governmental actors. The cases revealed a lack of awareness of the FEW nexus as well as a lack of opportunity for developing integrated governance or management strategies. Nascent conversations especially on sustainable development provide a starting point for deepening nexus governance in practice.