The Impact of Consumption Based Billing on Residential Heating Behaviors: A Pilot Study of German Households

Heat is the largest single end-use sector, accounting for approximately one-third of final energy consumption in Germany. The European Union's targets for climate neutrality demand the decarbonization of the heating sector. This pilot study examines the relationship between heating billing methods and household heating behaviors in German residences. Through a comparative analysis of households with consumption-based versus non-consumption based billing systems, the conducted pilot study investigates differences in energy literacy, heating practices, and heating priorities. The descriptive findings from households reveal that residents with consumption based billing demonstrate higher self-reported knowledge of their heating and show stronger inclinations toward cost-saving and energyefficient behaviors. In contrast, households with nonconsumption based billing prioritize comfort oriented practices. These differences emphasize how billing methods influence heating behaviors and energy-efficiency awareness. Limited by sample size, this study provides valuable initial insights for developing targeted policies to promote sustainable heating practices and highlights the need for further research.