Nonlinear dynamics of reaction-diffusion wave trains under large and fully nonlocalized modulations

We study the dynamics of periodic wave trains in reaction-diffusion systems on the real line under large, fully nonlocalized modulations. We prove that solutions with nearby initial data converge, at an enhanced diffusive rate, to a modulated wave train whose leading-order phase and wavenumber dynamics are governed by an explicit solution to the viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equation. This constitutes a global stability result: such initial data are generally not close to the large-time modulated wave train. In contrast to previous modulational stability results, our analysis does not require that the initial data approach phase shifts of the wave train at spatial infinity. The central methodological advance is a nontrivial extension of the recently developed $L^{\infty}$-stability theory to accommodate large phase modulations. This framework, based entirely on $L^{\infty}$-estimates, removes all localization requirements as imposed in the previous literature, allowing us to treat the full range of bounded modulational initial data under minimal regularity assumptions. The main technical contributions include: the strategic use of interpolation inequalities to balance smallness and temporal decay, and a detailed analysis of the linear dynamics under fully nonlocalized modulational data.