The importance of stratocumulus clouds for projected warming patterns and circulation changes

Stratocumulus clouds are thought to exert a strong positive radiative feedback on climate change, but recent analyses suggest that this feedback is widely under-represented in global climate models. To assess the broader implications of this model error for the simulated climate change responses, we investigate the impact of Pacific stratocumulus cloud feedback on projected warming patterns, equilibrium climate sensitivity and tropical atmospheric circulation under increased CO2 concentrations. Using the Community Earth System Model, with modifications to enhance low-cloud-cover sensitivity to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in Pacific stratocumulus regions, we find increased tropical SST variability and persistence, a higher equilibrium climate sensitivity, an enhanced east–west warming contrast across the tropical Pacific, and a stronger slowdown of the Walker circulation under 4×CO2 conditions. Our findings are supported by inter-model relationships across CMIP6 4×CO2 simulations. These results underscore the importance of accurately representing cloud feedback in climate models to predict future climate change impacts not only globally but also on a regional scale, such as warming patterns or circulation change.