Simplified approach for an enhanced electrochemical hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds

In this study, a method for the electrochemical hydrogenation of various carbonyl compounds was developed, with a particular emphasis on industrial applicability and scalability. Each parameter-including current density, solvent, solvent ratio, electrolyte, proton concentration, electrode material and structure, as well as substrate concentration-was systematically investigated for its impact on yield and selectivity. Isophorone served as a model compound, facilitating the transition from the corresponding enone to the ketone. Additionally, the applicability of the system was expanded to include the hydrogenation of other enones such as methacrylates, ketones, and aldehydes. The method employs nickel foam electrodes and a simple electrolyte mixture of water: methanol (1:1) with 0.5 M sulfuric acid. Notably, the current density used is relatively high at 90 mA/cm$^2$, enhancing the industrial attractiveness of the process.