Controlling Battery Lifetime in a Battery Integrated Modular Multilevel Converter

Due to the rising demand for energy storage systems within the electrical power grid, the modular multilevel converter with integrated batteries is discussed lately. With one advantage being the capability to incorporate second-life batteries, lifetime optimization is a key consideration to improve economic feasibility. In this paper, a new concept for battery lifetime optimization is established, implemented in the control structure and validated in a Hardware-in-the-Loop setup.