TerraTimber: Digital circular construction methodologies for structural hybrid building systems with reclaimed wood and earth

The TerraTimber research demonstrator examines digital circular construction techniques that utilize reclaimed wood and earth in hybrid structural systems. Through computational design and Augmented Reality (AR)-aided assembly, a full-scale modular system comprising columns, beams, slabs, and walls is investigated, focusing on a hybrid floor component. Geometric interlocking and friction provide a shear interface between wood and earth, thereby creating structural synergy. Computational tools optimize the integration of irregular reclaimed wood elements, while wooden nails enable metal-free connections and recycling. AR technologies enable assembly, combining computational precision, material imperfections, and human craft skills. A 1:1 prototype was built, and structural tests were conducted to assess load-bearing capacity and serviceability. The system ensures structural performance, exhibiting only 4.8 mm of deformation under typical residential load conditions, while offering design opportunities, particularly in terms of ceiling appearances. This modular approach extends material lifecycles, aligns with Digital Upcycling principles, and promotes resource efficiency for sustainable construction.