Искусственный интеллект: ответственные инновации перед лицом потенциальных постепенных дисрупций (Artificial Intelligence: Responsible Innovation in the Face of Potential Gradual Disruptions)

This paper deals with the possibility of gradual disruptions at the societal level in the course of rapidly advancing digitalization and spread of AI. The term “disruption” refers to the sudden breakdown of familiar, previously stable constellations. Expectations of stability, assumptions of continuity, and planning security are shattered, casting the prospects for the future in an uncertain light. The Latin roots of the term mean “bursting,” “breaking,” and “tearing,” semantically referring to the temporal structure of more or less sudden, abrupt events. Seen in this light, the talk of gradual disruption in the title of this article seems conceptually contradictory or paradoxical. However, there are many examples of disruption in the world of technology that were heralded by recognizable but often unnoticed signs, particularly by material fatigue and wear. The daily stress on many technical objects, such as V-belts in older vehicles or bridge structures, gradually leads to wear and degradation. In this sense, the notion of grad- ual disruption refers to upheavals with significant or even dramatic damage potential that do not occur unexpectedly and suddenly, like a global pandemic or an earthquake, but build up gradually until they finally lead to the disruption of previously stable constellations. ... mehrI will argue that this type of potential and gradual disruption could emerge in areas of digitalization and AI. Examples include the increasing but unnoticed standardization of human actions, the silent loss of freedom and individuality, the increasing dependence on the smooth functioning of digital infrastructures, the loss of the future as an open space, or the loss of reflection and learning opportunities due to unlimited acceleration. The possibility of such gradual disruptions poses several challenges to responsible research and innovation (RRI), technology assessment (TA), and ethics. These include epistemological issues (how to detect gradual disruptions at an early stage), ethical issues (how to assess and evaluate concerns relating to the precautionary principle, for example), issues of whether countermeasures should be taken, and issues of communication between irrational exaggeration and irrational trivialization. The final part of the paper will address possible gradual disruptions that can be attributed to both technical parameters and human behavior, and draw conclusions for TA and RRI.