Asynchronous Grid Connections Providing Fast-Frequency Response: System Integration Study

This paper presents an integration study for the re-
cent power electronic-based fast-frequency response technology,
"asynchronous grid connection" which operates as an aggregator
for behind-the-meter resources and distributed generators. Both
technical feasibility and techno-economic viability studies are
presented. The fast-frequency response characteristics, validated
against Power Hardware-in-the-Loop experiments, are integrated
into an IEEE 9-bus system in DigSilent PowerFactory for system-
level dynamic analysis. It demonstrates that droop-based control
enhancements to local distributed generators allow their aggre-
gation to provide grid-supporting functionalities and participate
in the ancillary service markets. To this end, a long-term simu-
lation embedding the system within the ancillary service market
framework of PJM has been performed. The fast-frequency
response regulation is subsequently used to calculate the potential
revenue and project the results on a 15-year investment horizon.
Finally, the techno-economic analysis provides recommendations
for enhancements to access the full potential of distributed
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generators on a technical and regulatory level.