Fast Frequency Regulation with Supercapacitor Energy Storage Systems

In this paper, the influence of grid following Supercap Energy Storage System (SCESS) on the frequency response of power systems is investigated. For this purpose, a single machine model with a gas turbine for primary control is augmented by a SCESS. To present the realistic behavior of SCESSs, the analysis is conducted using a 1 MW Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) setup comprising a Real Time Simulator (RTS) and a SCESS with a nominal power of 400 kW. The SCESS is operated using a Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) control algorithm to provide virtual inertia by injecting active power, thereby contributing to grid frequency stabilization. With the introduced model, a study is performed with parameters that mimic the whole behavior of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) grid to show which impacts SCESSs can have on frequency regulation. The results demonstrate that SCESSs can enhance Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) and the nadir of the grid significantly.