Nonlinear model reduction for transport-dominated problems

This article surveys nonlinear model reduction methods that remain effective in regimes where linear reduced-space approximations are intrinsically inefficient, such as transport-dominated problems with wave-like phenomena and moving coherent structures, which are commonly associated with the Kolmogorov barrier. The article organizes nonlinear model reduction techniques around three key elements – nonlinear parametrizations, reduced dynamics and online solvers – and categorizes existing approaches into transformation-based methods, online adaptive techniques, and formulations that combine generic nonlinear parametrizations with instantaneous residual minimization.