Stakeholder-Oriented Explainability Requirements for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Automated Driving Systems: A Structured Analysis

The development and validation of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving systems (ADS) are shifting from traditional linear V-model processes toward more iterative engineering cycles. Despite faster iteration, these safety-critical systems remain subject to stringent regulations. Standards and guidance, including UNECE UN Regulation No. 157 and ISO/TS 5083, emphasize traceability, transparency, and explainability throughout development and validation. Nevertheless, as ADAS/ADS are developed and validated in faster, more iterative release cycles, additional stakeholders become involved and new explainability requirements emerge. These requirements vary between stakeholders and across development, validation, and post-market deployment phases, yet they are not systematically captured in the current state of research and practice. Therefore, to ensure that explainability supports rapid iteration, it is essential to identify relevant stakeholders and specify their explainability needs. Standards such as IEEE Standard 7001-2021 provide a broad foundation for transparency in autonomous systems. However, their generic nature does not address the domain-specific complexities of ADAS/ADS. ... mehrFurthermore, a conceptual gap remains between general transparency principles and explainability requirements in automotive development and validation. Building on IEEE Standard 7001-2021, this paper first offers a stakeholder taxonomy in the context of ADAS/ADS, then proposes a stakeholder-oriented analysis of explainability requirements within an automated driving use case and contexts. This analysis specifically focuses on the motivations for requiring explainability and the necessary explanation modalities. Finally, the paper discusses the limitations of the analysis and outlines directions for future research. The results of the paper provide a structured guideline for stakeholder-oriented explainability requirements in ADAS/ADS.