Invited perspectives: Towards usable compound event research

Supporting stakeholders with science-based decision-making to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts is a central mandate of the climate research community. In particular, mapping out scenario-dependent climate risk landscapes is one of the most pressing challenges. Increasingly, communities and regions are experiencing high-impact climate and weather extremes that arise from a complex interplay of processes and events acting across various spatial and temporal scales. To account for these emerging trends, there is a growing recognition that both climate impact and early warning research needs to incorporate risks from compound events to better inform climate adaptation and mitigation efforts. This demand for more fine-grained and applicable knowledge gives rise to new data and modeling needs, and can increase uncertainties. Consequently, new methodological approaches and effective communication strategies are required for making research usable outside scientific communities. In this perspective, we reflect on this usability challenge by discussing impact data products, early warning and modeling capabilities, and communication tools, urging climate impact scientists to increasingly incorporate usability considerations in their research to meet the pressing demand for usable compound event research.