Triple-differential measurement of Z+jet production with the CMS detector and comparison to Standard Model predictions

In this thesis, a triple-differential cross section measurement for the production of a Z boson in association with at least one jet is presented.
The analysed data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC from 2016 to 2018 in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13\,\mathrm{TeV}$ and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $138\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$.
The measurement is performed using the dimuon decay channel of the Z boson and is conducted triple-differentially in the transverse momentum of the Z boson, the boost in rapidity of the centre-of-mass system of the Z boson and the leading jet in the laboratory frame, and half the absolute difference in rapidity between the Z boson and the leading jet.

This choice of observables is directly sensitive to the parton momentum fractions and the scattering angle in the centre-of-mass frame of the hard interaction, which makes the measurement particularly useful for constraining the parton distribution functions of the proton.
The measured event yields are corrected for detector effects and compared to predictions based on Monte Carlo event generators and calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD, which are corrected for electroweak and nonperturbative effects.