Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration

Silicon photonics offers tremendous potential for inexpensive high-yield photonic-electronic integration. Besides conventional dielectric waveguides, plasmonic structures can also be efficiently realized on the silicon photonic platform, reducing device footprint by more than an order of magnitude. However, neither silicon nor metals exhibit appreciable second-order opti-cal nonlinearities, thereby making efficient electro-optic modula-tors challenging to realize. These deficiencies can be overcome by the concepts of silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) integration, which combine silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides and plasmonic nanostructures with organic electro-optic cladding materials.