Should patients with brain implants undergo MRI?

Patients suffering from neuronal degenerative diseases are increasingly being equipped with neural implants to treat symptoms or restore functions and increase their quality of life. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would be the modality of choice for diagnosis and compulsory post-operative monitoring of such patients. However, interactions between the MR environment and implants pose severe health risks to the patient. Nevertheless, neural implant recipients regularly underwent MRI examinations, and adverse events were reported rarely. This should not imply that the procedures are safe. More than 300.000 cochlear implant recipients are excluded from MRI unless the indication outweighs excruciating pain. For 75.000 DBS recipients quite the opposite holds: MRI is considered essential part of the implantation procedure and some medical centres deliberately exceed safety regulations which they referred to as crucially impractical. MRI related permanent neurological dysfunctions in DBS recipients have occurred in the past when manufacturer recommendations were exceeded. Within the last decades extensive effort has been invested to identify, characterise, and quantify the occurring interactions. ... mehrToday we are far from a satisfying solution to achieve a safe and beneficial MR procedure for all implant recipients. To contribute, we intend to raise awareness of a growing concern and want to summon the community to stop absurdities and instead improve the situation for the increasing number of patients. Therefore, we review implant safety in the MRI literature from an engineering point of view, with a focus on cochlear and DBS implants as success stories in clinical practice. We briefly explain fundamental phenomena which can lead to patient harm, and point out breakthroughs and errors made. We end with conclusions and strategies to avoid future implants from being contraindicated to MR examinations. We believe that implant recipients should enter MRI, but before doing so, we should make sure that the procedure is reasonable.