Passivity-Based Plug-and-Play Voltage and Frequency Control in Islanded Inverter-Based AC Microgrids

In this paper, we propose a decentralized scalable, plug-and-play control of voltage-source inverters (VSIs) in islanded, inverter-based AC microgrids at primary level. Particularly in islanded mode without inertia from conventional generators in the main grid, voltage and frequency stabilization must be performed exclusively by these VSIs. In contrast to existing approaches, we propose a systematic procedure that does not require the proposition of a Lyapunov function as well as avoids computationally expensive and possibly infeasible numerical optimization. It follows passivity techniques, namely interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control
(IDA-PBC) on the basis of port-Hamiltonian systems (PHSs) theory. By employing the Hamiltonian naturally obtained from the PHS approach as Lyapunov function and analyzing load dynamics, we prove microgrid-wide asymptotic voltage and frequency stability. A simulation validating our theoretical results concludes our work.