Single-shot longitudinal beam profile and terahertz diagnostics at MHz- Towards GHz-rates with high-throughput electronics

Accelerators with high bunch-repetition rates mandate high-throughput detector electronics to diagnose each individual bunch. KALYPSO with a 256-pixel detector line-array integrated in an fs laser-based electro-optical set-up allows longitudinal bunch profiling with sub-ps resolution as demonstrated at the storage ring ANKA for single-bunch mode operation at 2.7 MHz and also at the Eu-XFEL with a 4.5-MHz micro-bunch train. Improvements will enhance fs-time accuracy, reduce noise, and increase frame-rate. A custom front-end with an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) has been developed to operate with 10-MHz frame-rates at low noise. Several linear arrays with up to 1024 pixel and smaller pixel pitch were submitted for production. The development of a low-gain avalanche diode (LGAD) sensor will further improve the time resolution. Detector data is transmitted in the DAQ framework to external GPU-based clusters and processed in real-time at 7 Gbytes/s with a few μs latency. For beam dynamics studies we also develop KAPTURE capable to analyze terahertz detector pulses at GHz-repetition rates. These developments open new windows in beam diagnostics of modern accelerators.