Periodic waveguides revisited: Radiation conditions, limiting absorption principles, and the space of bounded solutions

We study the Helmholtz equation with periodic coefficients in a closed waveguide. A functional analytic approach is used to formulate and solve the radiation problem in a self-contained exposition. In this context, we simplify the non-degeneracy assumption on the frequency. Limiting absorption principles (LAPs) are studied, and the radiation condition corresponding to the chosen LAP is derived; we include an example to show different LAPs lead, in general, to different solutions of the radiation problem. Finally, we characterize the set of all bounded solutions to the homogeneous problem.