A Stage‐Gate Framework for Upscaling of Single‐Junction Perovskite Photovoltaics

To address the challenge of upscaling single-junction perovskite photovoltaics
(PV) toward market-relevant performance in a structured and efficient manner,
a stage-gate approach that divides the process into stages according to technol-
ogy readiness levels (TRLs) is proposed. Whereas the first stage contains only
material research, the later stages are concerned with the development from
lab-scale devices to large-area modules, and properties such as device size as
well as processing methods are adapted step-by-step toward commercializable
techniques. The stages are connected by gates that specify the criteria that
must be met for a material or process to be transferred to the next stage. In
addition, a literature survey for the keywords “perovskite” and “module” is per-
formed. This analysis shows that most of the reported modules have an area
between 10 cm2 and 20 cm 2 , corresponding to stage 3 or TRL 5 in the scheme, and operational stability is often incompletely reported. These findings
analysis indicate a significant gap in the research focus on large-area modules
and elevated stress and field tests, which are essential for transitioning to com-
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mercial applications. It is suggested to use the proposed stage-gate process
as an efficient and structured guideline toward commercializing perovskite PV.