Navigating the Challenges of Rechargeable Aluminum Battery Research: Material Instabilities, Technical Hurdles, and Future Directions

Rechargeable aluminum (Al) batteries (RABs) are promising electrochemical energy storage systems due to their claimed high safety standards, low cost, and lightweight materials. However, their application is limited by the corrosivity of the chloroaluminate ionic liquid-based electrolyte, which is currently the only type of electrolyte able to plate and strip Al efficiently. Despite there are several recent reviews discussing progress in the field of Al batteries, it is believed that it is also necessary to consider the challenges and the many failures often not presented in publications, which are required to further develop the technology. This review examines the technical challenges in developing RAB technologies, based on the direct experience of research group, emphasizing the critical role of selecting appropriate electrolytes, passive components, and cell setups for understanding and correctly assessing electrode material performance. RABs are still in their infancy and to build a comprehensive bibliography, technical challenges should be thoroughly documented and addressed. The authors aim to provide practical guidelines to help researchers and newcomers in the RAB field avoid common pitfalls and overcome the challenges that impede achieving the theoretical advantages of RABs.