Interior soft x-ray tomography with sparse global sampling

To investigate the feasibility of interior imaging reconstruction in soft X-ray tomography for higher-resolution cellular imaging, including whole-cell imaging, we develop an alignment and reconstruction algorithm that combines a small number of sparse whole-cell images with a high-resolution local interior scan. Based on numerical simulations, we demonstrate that combined reconstructions mitigate the depth-of-field limitation in high-resolution scans, enable radiation dose optimization, and yield quantitative X-ray absorption values with sparse sampling. We further validate our numerical approach using experimental data from two different cell types and show that the combined reconstruction reliably provides high spatial resolution within an interior region of interest of a whole cell. The resulting sparse reconstruction framework offers robust, faithful visualization of cellular organelles in soft X-ray tomography. This mesoscale imaging strategy allows one to ‘scout’ and zoom into selected subcellular volumes of interest, enabling increased spatial resolution without sacrificing larger-volume imaging and providing information on the relative positions of all organelles within a cell.